Vodafone Rally de Portugal 2017

Vodafone Rally de Portugal 2017


18. 05. 2017 - 21. 05. 2017

Unofficial results
List for category: ABSOLUT
SS 4 - Ponte de Lima 1
SS length: 27.46km
Pos. No. Driver / Co-driver
Vehicle
Group SS time Aver. speed
sec/km
Diff.Leader
Diff.Prev.
1 2
EST
Tänak Ott / Järveoja M.
Ford Fiesta WRC
RC1 00:19:14.0 85.66
0.00
00:00:00.0
00:00:00.0
- 7
GBR
Meeke Kris / Nagle Paul
Citroën C3 WRC
RC1 00:19:14.0 85.66
0.00
00:00:00.0
00:00:00.0
- 8
IRL
Breen Craig / Martin Scott
Citroën C3 WRC
RC1 00:19:14.0 85.66
0.00
00:00:00.0
00:00:00.0
4 1
FRA
Ogier S. / Ingrassia J.
Ford Fiesta WRC
RC1 00:19:15.2 85.57
0.04
00:00:01.2
00:00:01.2
5 5
BEL
Neuville T. / Gilsoul Nicolas
Hyundai i20 Coupe WRC
RC1 00:19:16.0 85.52
0.07
00:00:02.0
00:00:00.8
6 6
ESP
Sordo Dani / Martí Marc
Hyundai i20 Coupe WRC
RC1 00:19:17.7 85.39
0.13
00:00:03.7
00:00:01.7
7 10
FIN
Latvala J. / Anttila Miikka
Toyota Yaris WRC
RC1 00:19:18.5 85.33
0.16
00:00:04.5
00:00:00.8
8 4
NZL
Paddon Hayden / Marshall S.
Hyundai i20 Coupe WRC
RC1 00:19:21.4 85.12
0.27
00:00:07.4
00:00:02.9
9 14
NOR
Østberg Mads / Fløene Ola
Ford Fiesta WRC
RC1 00:19:27.2 84.69
0.48
00:00:13.2
00:00:05.8
10 3
GBR
Evans Elfyn / Barritt Daniel
Ford Fiesta WRC
RC1 00:19:29.6 84.52
0.57
00:00:15.6
00:00:02.4
11 12
FIN
Lappi Esapekka / Ferm Janne
Toyota Yaris WRC
RC1 00:19:30.0 84.49
0.58
00:00:16.0
00:00:00.4
12 11
FIN
Hänninen Juho / Lindström Kaj
Toyota Yaris WRC
RC1 00:19:34.4 84.18
0.74
00:00:20.4
00:00:04.4
13 31
NOR
Mikkelsen A. / Jæger Anders
Škoda Fabia R5
RC2 00:19:47.4 83.25
1.22
00:00:33.4
00:00:13.0
14 32
SWE
Tidemand Pontus / Andersson Jonas
Škoda Fabia R5
RC2 00:19:56.8 82.60
1.56
00:00:42.8
00:00:09.4
15 34
FIN
Suninen Teemu / Markkula Mikko
Ford Fiesta R5
RC2 00:20:07.0 81.90
1.93
00:00:53.0
00:00:10.2
16 33
FRA
Camilli Eric / Veillas B.
Ford Fiesta R5
RC2 00:20:10.6 81.66
2.06
00:00:56.6
00:00:03.6
17 43
FRA
Loubet P. / Landais Vincent
Ford Fiesta R5
RC2 00:20:14.3 81.41
2.20
00:01:00.3
00:00:03.7
18 21
CZE
Prokop Martin / Tománek Jan
Ford Fiesta RS WRC
RC1 00:20:15.9 81.30
2.25
00:01:01.9
00:00:01.6
19 39
ROU
Tempestini S. / Bernacchini G.
Citroën DS3 R5
RC2 00:20:31.4 80.28
2.82
00:01:17.4
00:00:15.5
20 41
FRA
Gilbert Quentin / Jamoul Renaud
Škoda Fabia R5
RC2 00:20:33.3 80.16
2.89
00:01:19.3
00:00:01.9
21 44
JPN
Arai Hiroki / MacNeall Glenn
Ford Fiesta R5
RC2 00:20:40.9 79.66
3.16
00:01:26.9
00:00:07.6
22 38
MEX
Guerra Benito / Cue Daniel
Škoda Fabia R5
RC2 00:20:46.4 79.31
3.36
00:01:32.4
00:00:05.5
23 51
POL
Ptaszek Hubert / Szczepaniak M.
Škoda Fabia R5
RC2 00:20:46.8 79.29
3.38
00:01:32.8
00:00:00.4
24 15
ARE
Al Qassimi K. / Patterson Chris
Citroën C3 WRC
RC1 00:20:50.7 79.04
3.52
00:01:36.7
00:00:03.9
25 22
UKR
Gorban Valeriy / Larens Sergei
Mini John Cooper Works WRC
RC1 00:20:51.7 78.98
3.56
00:01:37.7
00:00:01.0
26 35
SWE
Bergkvist Emil / Sjöberg Joakim
Citroën DS3 R5
RC2 00:20:56.1 78.70
3.72
00:01:42.1
00:00:04.4
27 46
POL
Pieniążek Ł. / Mazur P.
Peugeot 208 T16
RC2 00:20:56.7 78.66
3.74
00:01:42.7
00:00:00.6
28 48
FIN
Vatanen Max / Renucci J.
Ford Fiesta R5
RC2 00:21:02.2 78.32
3.94
00:01:48.2
00:00:05.5
29 47
PRT
Campos Miguel / Costa António
Škoda Fabia R5
RC2 00:21:02.4 78.31
3.95
00:01:48.4
00:00:00.2
30 82
PRT
Barbosa Miguel / Ramalho Miguel
Škoda Fabia R5
RC2 00:21:07.4 78.00
4.13
00:01:53.4
00:00:05.0
31 81
PRT
Meireles Pedro / Castro Mário
Škoda Fabia R5
RC2 00:21:08.3 77.94
4.16
00:01:54.3
00:00:00.9
32 40
CHL
Heller Pedro / Olmos Pablo
Ford Fiesta R5
RC2 00:21:23.1 77.04
4.70
00:02:09.1
00:00:14.8
33 83
PRT
Alves Joaquim / Ramalho Luís
Ford Fiesta R5
RC2 00:21:48.6 75.54
5.63
00:02:34.6
00:00:25.5
34 87
PRT
Mesquita Hugo / Cardoso Valter
Škoda Fabia S2000
RC2 00:22:48.3 72.25
7.80
00:03:34.3
00:00:59.7
35 61
FRA
Astier Raphaël / Vauclare F.
Peugeot 208 R2
RC4 00:22:54.7 71.91
8.04
00:03:40.7
00:00:06.4
36 64
POL
Brzeziński J. / Hundla Robert
Citroën DS3 R3T
RC3 00:22:56.3 71.83
8.10
00:03:42.3
00:00:01.6
37 89
PRT
Antunes Pedro / Leones Paulo
Peugeot 208 R2
RC4 00:23:00.1 71.63
8.23
00:03:46.1
00:00:03.8
38 50
ITA
Andolfi Fabio / Fenoli Manuel
Hyundai i20 R5
RC2 00:23:16.1 70.81
8.82
00:04:02.1
00:00:16.0
39 9
FRA
Lefebvre S. / Moreau Gabin
Citroën C3 WRC
RC1 00:23:38.7 69.68
9.64
00:04:24.7
00:00:22.6
40 66
MEX
Name Francisco / Zapata Armando
Citroën DS3 R3T
RC3 00:23:49.7 69.14
10.04
00:04:35.7
00:00:11.0
41 91
PRT
Neto Paulo / Hugo Vítor
Citroën DS3 R3T
RC3 00:23:53.7 68.95
10.19
00:04:39.7
00:00:04.0
42 93
PRT
Barbosa José / Barbosa Ricardo
Mitsubishi Lancer Evo X
RC2 00:24:04.0 68.46
10.56
00:04:50.0
00:00:10.3
43 90
PRT
Antunes Gil / Correia Diogo
Renault Clio R3T
RC3 00:24:06.7 68.33
10.66
00:04:52.7
00:00:02.7
44 23
FRA
Raoux J. / Escartefigue T.
Citroën DS3 WRC
RC1 00:24:19.1 67.75
11.11
00:05:05.1
00:00:12.4
45 65
ITA
Brazzoli Enrico / Barone Maurizio
Peugeot 208 R2
RC4 00:24:35.4 67.00
11.70
00:05:21.4
00:00:16.3
46 92
PRT
Ramos J. / Carvalho Jorge
Ford Fiesta R5
RC2 00:25:10.1 65.46
12.97
00:05:56.1
00:00:34.7
47 95
PRT
Moreira Paulo / Macedo Marco
Peugeot 208 R2
RC4 00:25:24.1 64.86
13.48
00:06:10.1
00:00:14.0
48 94
PRT
Miranda Hélder / Teixeira Rui
Citroën C2 R2 Max
RC4 00:25:32.8 64.49
13.79
00:06:18.8
00:00:08.7
49 62
ESP
Solans Nil / Ibañez Miquel
Ford Fiesta R2T
RC4 00:25:46.5 63.92
14.29
00:06:32.5
00:00:13.7
50 42
GBR
Greensmith Gus / Parry Craig
Ford Fiesta R5
RC2 00:26:39.0 61.82
16.21
00:07:25.0
00:00:52.5
51 36
FRA
Rossel Yohan / Fulcrand B.
Citroën DS3 R5
RC2 00:26:47.4 61.50
16.51
00:07:33.4
00:00:08.4
- 45
JPN
Katsuta T. / Salminen Marko
Ford Fiesta R5
RC2 00:26:47.4 61.50
16.51
00:07:33.4
00:00:00.0
- 49
FRA
Bonato Yoann / Boulloud B.
Citroën DS3 R5
RC2 00:26:47.4 61.50
16.51
00:07:33.4
00:00:00.0
54 96
PRT
Reis Marco / Carvalhosa Nuno
Škoda Fabia R2
RC4 00:27:05.2 60.83
17.16
00:07:51.2
00:00:17.8
55 63
FRA
Ciamin Nicolas / De La Haye T.
Ford Fiesta R2T
RC4 00:27:30.9 59.88
18.10
00:08:16.9
00:00:25.7
56 97
PRT
Barbosa Joana / Mouta Sofia
Ford Fiesta R2T
RC4 00:27:35.9 59.70
18.28
00:08:21.9
00:00:05.0
57 88
PRT
Marques Ricardo / Marques Paulo
Škoda Fabia S2000
RC2 00:28:01.0 58.81
19.19
00:08:47.0
00:00:25.1
58 86
PRT
Castro Manuel / Costa Luis
Hyundai i20 R5
RC2 00:28:07.4 58.58
19.42
00:08:53.4
00:00:06.4
59 85
PRT
Salvi Diogo / Magalhães C.
Škoda Fabia R5
RC2 00:31:30.9 52.28
26.84
00:12:16.9
00:03:23.5
60 84
PRT
Barros Elias / Babo Paulo
Ford Fiesta R5
RC2 00:37:10.9 44.31
39.22
00:17:56.9
00:05:40.0
Pos. No.
Driver / Co-driver
Vehicle
Pos. SS time
Penalty
Total time Diff.Leader
Diff.Prev.
1 10
FIN

1
Latvala J. / Anttila Miikka
Toyota Yaris WRC 
RC1
1
00:48:07.1
00:48:07.1 00:00:00.0
00:00:00.0
2 7
GBR

2
Meeke Kris / Nagle Paul
Citroën C3 WRC 
RC1
2
00:48:07.6
00:48:07.6 00:00:00.5
00:00:00.5
3 2
EST

3
Tänak Ott / Järveoja M.
Ford Fiesta WRC 
RC1
3
00:48:08.3
00:48:08.3 00:00:01.2
00:00:00.7
4 8
IRL

4
Breen Craig / Martin Scott
Citroën C3 WRC 
RC1
4
00:48:08.5
00:48:08.5 00:00:01.4
00:00:00.2
5 1
FRA

8
Ogier S. / Ingrassia J.
Ford Fiesta WRC 
RC1
5
00:48:11.9
00:48:11.9 00:00:04.8
00:00:03.4
6 4
NZL

6
Paddon Hayden / Marshall S.
Hyundai i20 Coupe WRC 
RC1
6
00:48:17.3
00:48:17.3 00:00:10.2
00:00:05.4
7 5
BEL

10
Neuville T. / Gilsoul Nicolas
Hyundai i20 Coupe WRC 
RC1
7
00:48:17.4
00:48:17.4 00:00:10.3
00:00:00.1
8 6
ESP

9
Sordo Dani / Martí Marc
Hyundai i20 Coupe WRC 
RC1
8
00:48:17.8
00:48:17.8 00:00:10.7
00:00:00.4
9 14
NOR

7
Østberg Mads / Fløene Ola
Ford Fiesta WRC 
RC1
9
00:48:23.5
00:48:23.5 00:00:16.4
00:00:05.7
10 3
GBR

5
Evans Elfyn / Barritt Daniel
Ford Fiesta WRC 
RC1
10
00:48:25.4
00:48:25.4 00:00:18.3
00:00:01.9
11 12
FIN

11
Lappi Esapekka / Ferm Janne
Toyota Yaris WRC 
RC1
11
00:48:33.9
00:48:33.9 00:00:26.8
00:00:08.5
12 11
FIN

12
Hänninen Juho / Lindström Kaj
Toyota Yaris WRC 
RC1
12
00:48:41.1
00:48:41.1 00:00:34.0
00:00:07.2
13 31
NOR

13
Mikkelsen A. / Jæger Anders
Škoda Fabia R5 
RC2
1
00:49:44.6
00:49:44.6 00:01:37.5
00:01:03.5
14 32
SWE

15
Tidemand Pontus / Andersson Jonas
Škoda Fabia R5 
RC2
2
00:50:20.5
00:50:20.5 00:02:13.4
00:00:35.9
15 34
FIN

14
Suninen Teemu / Markkula Mikko
Ford Fiesta R5 
RC2
3
00:50:22.9
00:50:22.9 00:02:15.8
00:00:02.4
16 33
FRA

16
Camilli Eric / Veillas B.
Ford Fiesta R5 
RC2
4
00:50:38.1
00:50:38.1 00:02:31.0
00:00:15.2
17 21
CZE

18
Prokop Martin / Tománek Jan
Ford Fiesta RS WRC 
RC1
13
00:50:53.1
00:50:53.1 00:02:46.0
00:00:15.0
18 43
FRA

19
Loubet P. / Landais Vincent
Ford Fiesta R5 
RC2
5
00:51:15.9
00:51:15.9 00:03:08.8
00:00:22.8
19 41
FRA

20
Gilbert Quentin / Jamoul Renaud
Škoda Fabia R5 
RC2
6
00:51:37.1
00:51:37.1 00:03:30.0
00:00:21.2
20 39
ROU

23
Tempestini S. / Bernacchini G.
Citroën DS3 R5 
RC2
7
00:51:55.4
00:51:55.4 00:03:48.3
00:00:18.3
21 35
SWE

22
Bergkvist Emil / Sjöberg Joakim
Citroën DS3 R5 
RC2
8
00:52:15.9
00:52:15.9 00:04:08.8
00:00:20.5
22 47
PRT

25
Campos Miguel / Costa António
Škoda Fabia R5 
RC2
9
00:52:36.2
00:52:36.2 00:04:29.1
00:00:20.3
23 48
FIN

27
Vatanen Max / Renucci J.
Ford Fiesta R5 
RC2
10
00:52:46.1
00:52:46.1 00:04:39.0
00:00:09.9
24 22
UKR

28
Gorban Valeriy / Larens Sergei
Mini John Cooper Works WRC 
RC1
14
00:52:52.1
00:52:52.1 00:04:45.0
00:00:06.0
25 46
POL

29
Pieniążek Ł. / Mazur P.
Peugeot 208 T16 
RC2
11
00:53:02.4
00:53:02.4 00:04:55.3
00:00:10.3
26 15
ARE

30
Al Qassimi K. / Patterson Chris
Citroën C3 WRC 
RC1
15
00:52:13.4
00:01:00.0
00:53:13.4 00:05:06.3
00:00:11.0
27 40
CHL

31
Heller Pedro / Olmos Pablo
Ford Fiesta R5 
RC2
12
00:53:49.4
00:53:49.4 00:05:42.3
00:00:36.0
28 81
PRT

32
Meireles Pedro / Castro Mário
Škoda Fabia R5 
RC2
13
00:54:00.0
00:54:00.0 00:05:52.9
00:00:10.6
29 82
PRT

33
Barbosa Miguel / Ramalho Miguel
Škoda Fabia R5 
RC2
14
00:54:03.8
00:54:03.8 00:05:56.7
00:00:03.8
30 50
ITA

21
Andolfi Fabio / Fenoli Manuel
Hyundai i20 R5 
RC2
15
00:54:22.1
00:54:22.1 00:06:15.0
00:00:18.3
31 83
PRT

35
Alves Joaquim / Ramalho Luís
Ford Fiesta R5 
RC2
16
00:54:57.5
00:54:57.5 00:06:50.4
00:00:35.4
32 9
FRA

26
Lefebvre S. / Moreau Gabin
Citroën C3 WRC 
RC1
16
00:55:18.5
00:55:18.5 00:07:11.4
00:00:21.0
33 87
PRT

38
Mesquita Hugo / Cardoso Valter
Škoda Fabia S2000 
RC2
17
00:56:39.2
00:56:39.2 00:08:32.1
00:01:20.7
34 64
POL

39
Brzeziński J. / Hundla Robert
Citroën DS3 R3T 
RC3
1
00:56:52.9
00:56:52.9 00:08:45.8
00:00:13.7
35 61
FRA

41
Astier Raphaël / Vauclare F.
Peugeot 208 R2 
RC4
1
00:56:55.8
00:56:55.8 00:08:48.7
00:00:02.9
36 42
GBR

17
Greensmith Gus / Parry Craig
Ford Fiesta R5 
RC2
18
00:57:08.9
00:57:08.9 00:09:01.8
00:00:13.1
37 89
PRT

42
Antunes Pedro / Leones Paulo
Peugeot 208 R2 
RC4
2
00:57:16.6
00:57:16.6 00:09:09.5
00:00:07.7
38 45
JPN

24
Katsuta T. / Salminen Marko
Ford Fiesta R5 
RC2
19
00:58:13.1
00:58:13.1 00:10:06.0
00:00:56.5
39 90
PRT

43
Antunes Gil / Correia Diogo
Renault Clio R3T 
RC3
2
00:58:37.0
00:58:37.0 00:10:29.9
00:00:23.9
40 38
MEX

53
Guerra Benito / Cue Daniel
Škoda Fabia R5 
RC2
20
00:58:53.7
00:58:53.7 00:10:46.6
00:00:16.7
41 23
FRA

34
Raoux J. / Escartefigue T.
Citroën DS3 WRC 
RC1
17
00:57:25.7
00:01:30.0
00:58:55.7 00:10:48.6
00:00:02.0
42 93
PRT

47
Barbosa José / Barbosa Ricardo
Mitsubishi Lancer Evo X 
RC2
21
00:59:30.1
00:59:30.1 00:11:23.0
00:00:34.4
43 65
ITA

46
Brazzoli Enrico / Barone Maurizio
Peugeot 208 R2 
RC4
3
01:00:01.2
01:00:01.2 00:11:54.1
00:00:31.1
44 95
PRT

45
Moreira Paulo / Macedo Marco
Peugeot 208 R2 
RC4
4
01:00:41.4
01:00:41.4 00:12:34.3
00:00:40.2
45 66
MEX

51
Name Francisco / Zapata Armando
Citroën DS3 R3T 
RC3
3
00:58:24.5
00:03:00.0
01:01:24.5 00:13:17.4
00:00:43.1
46 86
PRT

36
Castro Manuel / Costa Luis
Hyundai i20 R5 
RC2
22
01:01:39.5
01:01:39.5 00:13:32.4
00:00:15.0
47 94
PRT

48
Miranda Hélder / Teixeira Rui
Citroën C2 R2 Max 
RC4
5
01:01:51.9
01:01:51.9 00:13:44.8
00:00:12.4
48 51
POL

57
Ptaszek Hubert / Szczepaniak M.
Škoda Fabia R5 
RC2
23
01:02:24.0
01:02:24.0 00:14:16.9
00:00:32.1
49 88
PRT

44
Marques Ricardo / Marques Paulo
Škoda Fabia S2000 
RC2
24
01:03:02.4
01:03:02.4 00:14:55.3
00:00:38.4
50 96
PRT

49
Reis Marco / Carvalhosa Nuno
Škoda Fabia R2 
RC4
6
01:03:47.5
01:03:47.5 00:15:40.4
00:00:45.1
51 44
JPN

58
Arai Hiroki / MacNeall Glenn
Ford Fiesta R5 
RC2
25
01:04:15.9
01:04:15.9 00:16:08.8
00:00:28.4
52 97
PRT

50
Barbosa Joana / Mouta Sofia
Ford Fiesta R2T 
RC4
7
01:04:35.2
01:04:35.2 00:16:28.1
00:00:19.3
53 49
FRA

52
Bonato Yoann / Boulloud B.
Citroën DS3 R5 
RC2
26
01:04:46.0
01:04:46.0 00:16:38.9
00:00:10.8
54 91
PRT

56
Neto Paulo / Hugo Vítor
Citroën DS3 R3T 
RC3
4
01:04:57.3
01:04:57.3 00:16:50.2
00:00:11.3
55 36
FRA

54
Rossel Yohan / Fulcrand B.
Citroën DS3 R5 
RC2
27
01:04:57.6
01:04:57.6 00:16:50.5
00:00:00.3
56 92
PRT

55
Ramos J. / Carvalho Jorge
Ford Fiesta R5 
RC2
28
01:01:28.1
00:04:00.0
01:05:28.1 00:17:21.0
00:00:30.5
57 85
PRT

40
Salvi Diogo / Magalhães C.
Škoda Fabia R5 
RC2
29
01:05:28.5
01:05:28.5 00:17:21.4
00:00:00.4
58 62
ESP

59
Solans Nil / Ibañez Miquel
Ford Fiesta R2T 
RC4
8
01:09:42.4
01:09:42.4 00:21:35.3
00:04:13.9
59 84
PRT

37
Barros Elias / Babo Paulo
Ford Fiesta R5 
RC2
30
01:10:53.0
01:10:53.0 00:22:45.9
00:01:10.6
60 63
FRA

60
Ciamin Nicolas / De La Haye T.
Ford Fiesta R2T 
RC4
9
01:39:46.8
00:03:50.0
01:43:36.8 00:55:29.7
00:32:43.8
INFORMATION ABOUT SS 4
(9 - Lefebvre Stéphane / Moreau Gabin): puncture
retired (45 - Katsuta Takamoto / Salminen Marko): retired in SS 4
flash info (21 - Prokop Martin / Tománek Jan): A nice stage. I've changed something about my driving and the car sits well in the corners. I'm enjoying a lot.
flash info (12 - Lappi Esapekka / Ferm Janne): I was stuck behind his car for the last 6km. In the dust I couldn't see anything.
flash info (14 - Østberg Mads / Fløene Ola): I didn't feel so good. A difficult feeling with the car - I felt it was everywhere. With these tyres its a bit of a learning exercise.
flash info (11 - Hänninen Juho / Lindström Kaj): A bit disappointed. I tried to keep in the clean line, but I'm spending too much time in the loose.
flash info (7 - Meeke Kris / Nagle Paul): Happy. A good run. People talk about road cleaning here but there is none. I'm struggling in the ruts. It's tricky to drive this far back in the start order.
flash info (4 - Paddon Hayden / Marshall Sebastian): I struggled with the car in here. The road has a very different character to the others. It's ok. We have a different setup for the afternoon and it should be better.
flash info (8 - Breen Craig / Martin Scott): I enjoy every stage - when I push the pedals the car does exactly what I want. I must sound like a broken record.
flash info (3 - Evans Elfyn / Barritt Daniel): I didn't notice anything, just an alarm on the dash and shortly after we knew about it.
flash info (6 - Sordo Dani / Martí Marc): Some problem with the car. All the time it is sliding a lot at the rear. I try to do my best but I can't keep the speed in the corners. It is not normal.
flash info (2 - Tänak Ott / Järveoja Martin): Happier than before, a small change to the car has improved the balance.
flash info (5 - Neuville Thierry / Gilsoul Nicolas): Difficult to find the right rhythm here. You have to be sliding all the time - it's not the driving I like. A smooth, clean stage but not enough. I think we should have been quicker than Seb.
flash info (10 - Latvala Jari-Matti / Anttila Miikka): This wasn't the best for me on the recce. Not the easiest. I had to make a lot of changes to my notes so I can see where I am losing time.
flash info (1 - Ogier Sébastien / Ingrassia Julien): Still happy with my loop. I did the best I could. No mistakes, I couldn't have pushed any more. We have to fight.
(3 - Evans Elfyn / Barritt Daniel): puncture