ADAC Rallye Deutschland 2014

ADAC Rallye Deutschland 2014


22. 08. 2014 - 24. 08. 2014

Neslužbeni rezultati
Lista za kategoriju: Sve
BI 17 - Dhrontal 2
Duljina BI: 18.03km
Poz. Broj Vozač / Suvozač
Automobil
Grupa Vrijeme BI Prosječna brzina
sek/km
Razlika za vodečim
Razlika za prijašnjim
1 5
FIN
Hirvonen Mikko / Lehtinen Jarmo
Ford Fiesta RS WRC
RC1 00:11:36.4 93.21
0.00
00:00:00.0
00:00:00.0
2 9
NOR
Mikkelsen A. / Fløene Ola
Volkswagen Polo R WRC
RC1 00:11:39.7 92.77
0.18
00:00:03.3
00:00:03.3
3 6
GBR
Evans Elfyn / Barritt Daniel
Ford Fiesta RS WRC
RC1 00:11:41.1 92.58
0.26
00:00:04.7
00:00:01.4
4 7
BEL
Neuville T. / Gilsoul Nicolas
Hyundai i20 WRC
RC1 00:11:41.2 92.57
0.27
00:00:04.8
00:00:00.1
5 8
ESP
Sordo Dani / Martí Marc
Hyundai i20 WRC
RC1 00:11:42.5 92.40
0.34
00:00:06.1
00:00:01.3
6 4
NOR
Østberg Mads / Andersson Jonas
Citroën DS3 WRC
RC1 00:11:44.4 92.15
0.44
00:00:08.0
00:00:01.9
7 20
FRA
Bouffier Bryan / Panseri Xavier
Hyundai i20 WRC
RC1 00:11:59.9 90.16
1.30
00:00:23.5
00:00:15.5
8 21
CZE
Prokop Martin / Tománek Jan
Ford Fiesta RS WRC
RC1 00:12:01.6 89.95
1.40
00:00:25.2
00:00:01.7
9 35
SWE
Tidemand Pontus / Axelsson Emil
Ford Fiesta R5
RC2 00:12:04.7 89.57
1.57
00:00:28.3
00:00:03.1
10 32
EST
Tänak Ott / Mõlder Raigo
Ford Fiesta R5
RC2 00:12:10.7 88.83
1.90
00:00:34.3
00:00:06.0
11 36
DEU
Kremer Armin / Wicha Klaus
Škoda Fabia S2000
RC2 00:12:15.7 88.23
2.18
00:00:39.3
00:00:05.0
12 11
NLD
Kuipers Dennis / Buysmans Robin
Ford Fiesta RS WRC
RC1 00:12:21.0 87.60
2.47
00:00:44.6
00:00:05.3
13 120
ESP
Pons Xavier / Haro Alex
Ford Fiesta R5
RC2 00:12:22.9 87.37
2.58
00:00:46.5
00:00:01.9
14 22
SVK
Melichárek J. / Melichárek E.
Ford Fiesta RS WRC
RC1 00:12:27.3 86.86
2.82
00:00:50.9
00:00:04.4
15 12
UKR
Protasov Yuriy / Cherepin Pavlo
Ford Fiesta RS WRC
RC1 00:12:34.1 86.07
3.20
00:00:57.7
00:00:06.8
16 37
ITA
Bertelli L. / Dotta Mitia
Ford Fiesta R5
RC2 00:12:36.5 85.80
3.33
00:01:00.1
00:00:02.4
17 23
IRL
Moffett Sam / O'Reilly James
Ford Fiesta RS WRC
RC1 00:12:37.2 85.72
3.37
00:01:00.8
00:00:00.7
18 54
DEU
Riedemann C. / Wenzel Michael
Citroën DS3 R3T
RC3 00:12:39.1 85.51
3.48
00:01:02.7
00:00:01.9
19 31
QAT
Al-Attiyah N. / Bernacchini G.
Ford Fiesta S2000
RC2 00:12:41.3 85.26
3.60
00:01:04.9
00:00:02.2
20 122
DEU
Gassner H. / Mayrhofer U.
Mitsubishi Lancer Evo X R4
RC2 00:12:45.9 84.75
3.85
00:01:09.5
00:00:04.6
21 57
FRA
Lefebvre S. / Dubois Thomas
Citroën DS3 R3T
RC3 00:12:46.9 84.64
3.91
00:01:10.5
00:00:01.0
22 123
DEU
Gassner Hermann / Thannhäuser K.
Mitsubishi Lancer Evo X R4
RC2 00:13:01.4 83.07
4.71
00:01:25.0
00:00:14.5
23 38
ARE
Al Ketbi Rashid / Hepperle Karina
Ford Fiesta R5
RC2 00:13:04.2 82.77
4.87
00:01:27.8
00:00:02.8
24 62
GBR
Fisher Alastair / Noble Gordon
Citroën DS3 R3T
RC3 00:13:12.4 81.91
5.32
00:01:36.0
00:00:08.2
25 126
IRL
Boland Eamonn / Morrissey M.
Subaru Impreza Sti R4
RC2 00:13:14.4 81.71
5.44
00:01:38.0
00:00:02.0
- 132
GBR
Tuthill Richard / Prévot S.
Porsche 997 GT3
RGT 00:13:14.4 81.71
5.44
00:01:38.0
00:00:00.0
27 52
ROU
Tempestini S. / Pulpea Dorin
Citroën DS3 R3T
RC3 00:13:20.9 81.04
5.80
00:01:44.5
00:00:06.5
28 55
FRA
Giordano Q. / Roux Thomas
Citroën DS3 R3T
RC3 00:13:23.4 80.79
5.93
00:01:47.0
00:00:02.5
29 112
FRA
Gilbert Quentin / Jamoul Renaud
Ford Fiesta R2
RC4 00:13:23.7 80.76
5.95
00:01:47.3
00:00:00.3
30 139
NLD
Van der Marel T. / Smart Rebecca
Ford Fiesta R2
RC4 00:13:26.5 80.48
6.11
00:01:50.1
00:00:02.8
31 137
DEU
Griebel Marijan / Rath Alexander
Opel Adam R2
RC4 00:13:26.6 80.47
6.11
00:01:50.2
00:00:00.1
32 124
DEU
Mohe Carsten / Walker S.
Renault Clio R3T
RC3 00:13:26.7 80.46
6.12
00:01:50.3
00:00:00.1
33 127
DEU
Schwinn S. / Griebel Felix
Mitsubishi Lancer Evo X
RC2 00:13:28.8 80.25
6.23
00:01:52.4
00:00:02.1
34 128
NLD
Vossen Henk / Gillis Jac
Mitsubishi Lancer Evo X
RC2 00:13:29.6 80.17
6.28
00:01:53.2
00:00:00.8
35 125
NLD
Van Ballegooijen A. / Findhammer J.
Mitsubishi Lancer Evo X
RC2 00:13:31.7 79.97
6.39
00:01:55.3
00:00:02.1
36 63
HUN
Lukács Kornél / Mesterházi M.
Citroën DS3 R3T
RC3 00:13:33.1 79.83
6.47
00:01:56.7
00:00:01.4
37 144
NLD
Van Den Brand M. / Smeets Eddy
Ford Fiesta R2
RC4 00:13:34.7 79.67
6.56
00:01:58.3
00:00:01.6
38 102
GBR
Cave Tom / Parry Craig
Ford Fiesta R2
RC4 00:13:36.0 79.54
6.63
00:01:59.6
00:00:01.3
39 107
BEL
De Mévius G. / Jalet Johan
Ford Fiesta R2
RC4 00:13:36.2 79.52
6.64
00:01:59.8
00:00:00.2
40 105
POL
Kornicki Szymon / Mazur P.
Ford Fiesta R2
RC4 00:13:36.6 79.49
6.67
00:02:00.2
00:00:00.4
41 140
DEU
Sulzinger R. / Winklhofer P.
Ford Fiesta R2
RC4 00:13:38.5 79.30
6.77
00:02:02.1
00:00:01.9
42 148
NLD
Van Deijne K. / Hulzebos A.
Ford Fiesta R2
RC4 00:13:39.0 79.25
6.80
00:02:02.6
00:00:00.5
43 143
AUT
Kogler Michael / Heigl Jürgen
Peugeot 208 R2
RC4 00:13:44.9 78.69
7.13
00:02:08.5
00:00:05.9
44 136
BEL
Fumal Armand / Portier Xavier
Citroën DS3 R3T
RC3 00:13:48.5 78.34
7.33
00:02:12.1
00:00:03.6
45 106
FIN
Vatanen Max / Lukka Mikko
Ford Fiesta R2
RC4 00:13:52.2 78.00
7.53
00:02:15.8
00:00:03.7
46 146
BEL
Wagemans J. / De Baeremaeker A.
Ford Fiesta R2
RC4 00:13:55.0 77.73
7.69
00:02:18.6
00:00:02.8
47 101
EST
Pärn Sander / Morgan James
Ford Fiesta R2
RC4 00:13:55.8 77.66
7.73
00:02:19.4
00:00:00.8
48 109
LBN
Amiouni Nicolas / Matar Joseph
Ford Fiesta R2
RC4 00:13:56.6 77.59
7.78
00:02:20.2
00:00:00.8
49 129
BEL
Cracco Philip / Verbaeten Cindy
Ford Fiesta R5
RC2 00:13:57.1 77.54
7.80
00:02:20.7
00:00:00.5
50 110
ESP
Solans Nil / Ibañez Miquel
Ford Fiesta R2
RC4 00:13:57.9 77.47
7.85
00:02:21.5
00:00:00.8
51 147
GBR
Brown Jamie / Cruttenden Joe
Ford Fiesta R2
RC4 00:13:59.6 77.31
7.94
00:02:23.2
00:00:01.7
52 135
AUS
Coppin Adrian / Moscatt Dale
Citroën DS3 R3T
RC3 00:14:03.7 76.93
8.17
00:02:27.3
00:00:04.1
53 151
DEU
Holzer Thomas / Enderle Jan
Opel Adam R2
RC4 00:14:05.4 76.78
8.26
00:02:29.0
00:00:01.7
54 138
DNK
Larsen Simon / Skott Henrik
Citroën C2 R2 Max
RC4 00:14:08.8 76.47
8.45
00:02:32.4
00:00:03.4
55 134
CHE
Vukasovic L. / Groux Steve
Citroën DS3 R3T
RC3 00:14:14.7 75.94
8.78
00:02:38.3
00:00:05.9
56 39
FRA
Maurin Julien / Klinger Nicolas
Ford Fiesta R5
RC2 00:14:50.4 72.90
10.76
00:03:14.0
00:00:35.7
57 154
DEU
Schwamm F. / Fritz Thorsten
Citroën DS3 R1
RC5 00:14:51.6 72.80
10.83
00:03:15.2
00:00:01.2
58 159
DEU
Wolters Michael / Habekost Heiner
Citroën DS3 R1
RC5 00:15:00.5 72.08
11.32
00:03:24.1
00:00:08.9
59 152
DEU
Knof Philipp / Stein A.
Citroën DS3 R1
RC5 00:15:10.5 71.29
11.87
00:03:34.1
00:00:10.0
60 131
FRA
Chevallard P. / Arnaud Frederic
Mitsubishi Lancer Evo X
RC2 00:15:13.9 71.02
12.06
00:03:37.5
00:00:03.4
61 155
DEU
Schulz Markus / Schulz S.
Citroën DS3 R1
RC5 00:15:17.6 70.74
12.27
00:03:41.2
00:00:03.7
62 156
DEU
Nebel Torben / Kruhs Gino
Citroën DS3 R1
RC5 00:15:30.1 69.79
12.96
00:03:53.7
00:00:12.5
63 153
DEU
Lobstein Maik / Hirsch A.
Citroën DS3 R1
RC5 00:15:30.6 69.75
12.99
00:03:54.2
00:00:00.5
64 160
DEU
Bächle C. / Brack Isabelle
Suzuki Swift Sport
RC5 00:16:46.8 64.47
17.22
00:05:10.4
00:01:16.2
65 49
GBR
McCormack M. / Clarke Phil
Ford Fiesta R5
RC2 00:22:40.2 47.72
36.82
00:11:03.8
00:05:53.4
Poz. Broj
Vozač / Suvozač
Automobil
Poz. Vrijeme BI
Kazna
Ukupno vrijeme Razlika za vodečim
Razlika za prijašnjim
1 7
BEL

1
Neuville T. / Gilsoul Nicolas
Hyundai i20 WRC 
RC1
1
02:55:33.6
02:55:33.6 00:00:00.0
00:00:00.0
2 8
ESP

2
Sordo Dani / Martí Marc
Hyundai i20 WRC 
RC1
2
02:56:10.6
02:56:10.6 00:00:37.0
00:00:37.0
3 9
NOR

3
Mikkelsen A. / Fløene Ola
Volkswagen Polo R WRC 
RC1
3
02:56:28.2
02:56:28.2 00:00:54.6
00:00:17.6
4 6
GBR

4
Evans Elfyn / Barritt Daniel
Ford Fiesta RS WRC 
RC1
4
02:56:38.1
02:56:38.1 00:01:04.5
00:00:09.9
5 5
FIN

5
Hirvonen Mikko / Lehtinen Jarmo
Ford Fiesta RS WRC 
RC1
5
02:56:43.0
02:56:43.0 00:01:09.4
00:00:04.9
6 4
NOR

6
Østberg Mads / Andersson Jonas
Citroën DS3 WRC 
RC1
6
02:56:54.8
02:56:54.8 00:01:21.2
00:00:11.8
7 21
CZE

7
Prokop Martin / Tománek Jan
Ford Fiesta RS WRC 
RC1
7
03:00:10.3
03:00:10.3 00:04:36.7
00:03:15.5
8 11
NLD

8
Kuipers Dennis / Buysmans Robin
Ford Fiesta RS WRC 
RC1
8
03:04:14.9
03:04:14.9 00:08:41.3
00:04:04.6
9 32
EST

10
Tänak Ott / Mõlder Raigo
Ford Fiesta R5 
RC2
1
03:06:43.8
03:06:43.8 00:11:10.2
00:02:28.9
10 35
SWE

12
Tidemand Pontus / Axelsson Emil
Ford Fiesta R5 
RC2
2
03:06:49.8
03:06:49.8 00:11:16.2
00:00:06.0
11 12
UKR

11
Protasov Yuriy / Cherepin Pavlo
Ford Fiesta RS WRC 
RC1
9
03:07:16.7
03:07:16.7 00:11:43.1
00:00:26.9
12 120
ESP

13
Pons Xavier / Haro Alex
Ford Fiesta R5 
RC2
3
03:07:27.7
03:07:27.7 00:11:54.1
00:00:11.0
13 36
DEU

14
Kremer Armin / Wicha Klaus
Škoda Fabia S2000 
RC2
4
03:07:23.3
00:00:10.0
03:07:33.3 00:11:59.7
00:00:05.6
14 22
SVK

15
Melichárek J. / Melichárek E.
Ford Fiesta RS WRC 
RC1
10
03:07:47.2
03:07:47.2 00:12:13.6
00:00:13.9
15 20
FRA

17
Bouffier Bryan / Panseri Xavier
Hyundai i20 WRC 
RC1
11
03:08:21.2
03:08:21.2 00:12:47.6
00:00:34.0
16 23
IRL

16
Moffett Sam / O'Reilly James
Ford Fiesta RS WRC 
RC1
12
03:08:38.3
03:08:38.3 00:13:04.7
00:00:17.1
17 39
FRA

9
Maurin Julien / Klinger Nicolas
Ford Fiesta R5 
RC2
5
03:08:59.2
03:08:59.2 00:13:25.6
00:00:20.9
18 31
QAT

18
Al-Attiyah N. / Bernacchini G.
Ford Fiesta S2000 
RC2
6
03:12:47.4
03:12:47.4 00:17:13.8
00:03:48.2
19 122
DEU

19
Gassner H. / Mayrhofer U.
Mitsubishi Lancer Evo X R4 
RC2
7
03:13:56.0
03:13:56.0 00:18:22.4
00:01:08.6
20 57
FRA

20
Lefebvre S. / Dubois Thomas
Citroën DS3 R3T 
RC3
1
03:14:47.9
03:14:47.9 00:19:14.3
00:00:51.9
21 54
DEU

21
Riedemann C. / Wenzel Michael
Citroën DS3 R3T 
RC3
2
03:14:46.8
00:00:20.0
03:15:06.8 00:19:33.2
00:00:18.9
22 55
FRA

22
Giordano Q. / Roux Thomas
Citroën DS3 R3T 
RC3
3
03:19:56.1
03:19:56.1 00:24:22.5
00:04:49.3
23 62
GBR

23
Fisher Alastair / Noble Gordon
Citroën DS3 R3T 
RC3
4
03:20:33.7
03:20:33.7 00:25:00.1
00:00:37.6
24 38
ARE

24
Al Ketbi Rashid / Hepperle Karina
Ford Fiesta R5 
RC2
8
03:21:27.2
00:00:10.0
03:21:37.2 00:26:03.6
00:01:03.5
25 137
DEU

25
Griebel Marijan / Rath Alexander
Opel Adam R2 
RC4
1
03:22:42.1
03:22:42.1 00:27:08.5
00:01:04.9
26 124
DEU

26
Mohe Carsten / Walker S.
Renault Clio R3T 
RC3
5
03:24:28.3
03:24:28.3 00:28:54.7
00:01:46.2
27 52
ROU

27
Tempestini S. / Pulpea Dorin
Citroën DS3 R3T 
RC3
6
03:25:07.7
03:25:07.7 00:29:34.1
00:00:39.4
28 63
HUN

28
Lukács Kornél / Mesterházi M.
Citroën DS3 R3T 
RC3
7
03:25:49.2
03:25:49.2 00:30:15.6
00:00:41.5
29 132
GBR

29
Tuthill Richard / Prévot S.
Porsche 997 GT3 
RGT
1
03:25:52.1
03:25:52.1 00:30:18.5
00:00:02.9
30 126
IRL

30
Boland Eamonn / Morrissey M.
Subaru Impreza Sti R4 
RC2
9
03:26:21.8
03:26:21.8 00:30:48.2
00:00:29.7
31 102
GBR

31
Cave Tom / Parry Craig
Ford Fiesta R2 
RC4
2
03:27:36.0
03:27:36.0 00:32:02.4
00:01:14.2
32 144
NLD

33
Van Den Brand M. / Smeets Eddy
Ford Fiesta R2 
RC4
3
03:30:28.8
03:30:28.8 00:34:55.2
00:02:52.8
33 101
EST

32
Pärn Sander / Morgan James
Ford Fiesta R2 
RC4
4
03:30:49.4
03:30:49.4 00:35:15.8
00:00:20.6
34 138
DNK

34
Larsen Simon / Skott Henrik
Citroën C2 R2 Max 
RC4
5
03:30:53.6
00:00:30.0
03:31:23.6 00:35:50.0
00:00:34.2
35 107
BEL

35
De Mévius G. / Jalet Johan
Ford Fiesta R2 
RC4
6
03:31:24.2
03:31:24.2 00:35:50.6
00:00:00.6
36 105
POL

37
Kornicki Szymon / Mazur P.
Ford Fiesta R2 
RC4
7
03:32:10.0
03:32:10.0 00:36:36.4
00:00:45.8
37 136
BEL

36
Fumal Armand / Portier Xavier
Citroën DS3 R3T 
RC3
8
03:32:14.5
03:32:14.5 00:36:40.9
00:00:04.5
38 148
NLD

38
Van Deijne K. / Hulzebos A.
Ford Fiesta R2 
RC4
8
03:33:22.0
03:33:22.0 00:37:48.4
00:01:07.5
39 146
BEL

39
Wagemans J. / De Baeremaeker A.
Ford Fiesta R2 
RC4
9
03:32:59.4
00:00:40.0
03:33:39.4 00:38:05.8
00:00:17.4
40 140
DEU

41
Sulzinger R. / Winklhofer P.
Ford Fiesta R2 
RC4
10
03:34:04.0
03:34:04.0 00:38:30.4
00:00:24.6
41 106
FIN

40
Vatanen Max / Lukka Mikko
Ford Fiesta R2 
RC4
11
03:34:06.6
03:34:06.6 00:38:33.0
00:00:02.6
42 109
LBN

42
Amiouni Nicolas / Matar Joseph
Ford Fiesta R2 
RC4
12
03:34:13.6
00:00:10.0
03:34:23.6 00:38:50.0
00:00:17.0
43 135
AUS

43
Coppin Adrian / Moscatt Dale
Citroën DS3 R3T 
RC3
9
03:35:02.9
03:35:02.9 00:39:29.3
00:00:39.3
44 151
DEU

44
Holzer Thomas / Enderle Jan
Opel Adam R2 
RC4
13
03:36:16.0
03:36:16.0 00:40:42.4
00:01:13.1
45 139
NLD

45
Van der Marel T. / Smart Rebecca
Ford Fiesta R2 
RC4
14
03:37:28.6
03:37:28.6 00:41:55.0
00:01:12.6
46 143
AUT

46
Kogler Michael / Heigl Jürgen
Peugeot 208 R2 
RC4
15
03:37:55.6
03:37:55.6 00:42:22.0
00:00:27.0
47 125
NLD

48
Van Ballegooijen A. / Findhammer J.
Mitsubishi Lancer Evo X 
RC2
10
03:38:22.3
03:38:22.3 00:42:48.7
00:00:26.7
48 147
GBR

47
Brown Jamie / Cruttenden Joe
Ford Fiesta R2 
RC4
16
03:38:47.2
03:38:47.2 00:43:13.6
00:00:24.9
49 123
DEU

49
Gassner Hermann / Thannhäuser K.
Mitsubishi Lancer Evo X R4 
RC2
11
03:39:26.1
03:39:26.1 00:43:52.5
00:00:38.9
50 128
NLD

50
Vossen Henk / Gillis Jac
Mitsubishi Lancer Evo X 
RC2
12
03:39:54.7
03:39:54.7 00:44:21.1
00:00:28.6
51 134
CHE

52
Vukasovic L. / Groux Steve
Citroën DS3 R3T 
RC3
10
03:42:23.2
03:42:23.2 00:46:49.6
00:02:28.5
52 37
ITA

53
Bertelli L. / Dotta Mitia
Ford Fiesta R5 
RC2
13
03:43:20.0
03:43:20.0 00:47:46.4
00:00:56.8
53 152
DEU

54
Knof Philipp / Stein A.
Citroën DS3 R1 
RC5
1
03:45:54.5
03:45:54.5 00:50:20.9
00:02:34.5
54 49
GBR

51
McCormack M. / Clarke Phil
Ford Fiesta R5 
RC2
14
03:50:13.0
03:50:13.0 00:54:39.4
00:04:18.5
55 153
DEU

55
Lobstein Maik / Hirsch A.
Citroën DS3 R1 
RC5
2
03:52:27.7
03:52:27.7 00:56:54.1
00:02:14.7
56 129
BEL

56
Cracco Philip / Verbaeten Cindy
Ford Fiesta R5 
RC2
15
03:52:43.1
03:52:43.1 00:57:09.5
00:00:15.4
57 110
ESP

57
Solans Nil / Ibañez Miquel
Ford Fiesta R2 
RC4
17
03:53:25.9
03:53:25.9 00:57:52.3
00:00:42.8
58 155
DEU

58
Schulz Markus / Schulz S.
Citroën DS3 R1 
RC5
3
03:58:17.2
03:58:17.2 01:02:43.6
00:04:51.3
59 112
FRA

59
Gilbert Quentin / Jamoul Renaud
Ford Fiesta R2 
RC4
18
03:58:18.1
03:58:18.1 01:02:44.5
00:00:00.9
60 159
DEU

60
Wolters Michael / Habekost Heiner
Citroën DS3 R1 
RC5
4
04:01:08.8
00:00:10.0
04:01:18.8 01:05:45.2
00:03:00.7
61 131
FRA

61
Chevallard P. / Arnaud Frederic
Mitsubishi Lancer Evo X 
RC2
16
04:05:16.3
04:05:16.3 01:09:42.7
00:03:57.5
62 154
DEU

63
Schwamm F. / Fritz Thorsten
Citroën DS3 R1 
RC5
5
04:13:03.0
04:13:03.0 01:17:29.4
00:07:46.7
63 160
DEU

62
Bächle C. / Brack Isabelle
Suzuki Swift Sport 
RC5
6
04:13:47.1
04:13:47.1 01:18:13.5
00:00:44.1
64 127
DEU

64
Schwinn S. / Griebel Felix
Mitsubishi Lancer Evo X 
RC2
17
04:15:15.1
04:15:15.1 01:19:41.5
00:01:28.0
65 156
DEU

65
Nebel Torben / Kruhs Gino
Citroën DS3 R1 
RC5
7
04:25:12.1
04:25:12.1 01:29:38.5
00:09:57.0
INFORMACIJE O BI 17
flash info (39 - Maurin Julien / Klinger Nicolas): front tyre puncture 6 km before finish of SS